Astrology interprets celestial configurations—planets, luminaries, and zodiac signs—in relation to human affairs. Originating in Mesopotamia and systematized through Hellenistic, medieval, and modern eras, it informs culture and counseling but lacks robust scientific validation.
In Jungian psychology, archetypes are innate, universal patterns in the collective unconscious that shape myths, dreams, and symbols. This entry outlines key figures and motifs, clinical and scholarly uses, and ongoing debates about universality, evidence, and cultural transmission.
A premodern tradition combining laboratory techniques and theories of matter to transform substances—seeking transmutation, elixirs, and the philosopher’s stone—and shaping early chymistry, medicine, and scientific methods.
A modern esoteric concept describing a nonphysical archive of cosmic memory—impressions of events, thoughts, and intentions—said to be accessible by trained sensitives for guidance or historiography; rooted in Theosophy and later Anthroposophy/New Age currents.