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Wednesday, 20 May 2026
INDEX/Lexicon/Figure/Thich Nhat Hanh
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Thich Nhat Hanh

Figure
Definition

Vietnamese Thiền monk, poet and peacemaker (1926–2022) who synthesised Mahāyāna and Theravāda practice and brought both into the social sphere under the term engaged Buddhism. Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1967, he spent nearly forty years in exile before returning to Vietnam to die at his root temple. His Plum Village community in France became one of the largest Buddhist practice centres in the Western world, and his accessible prose on mindfulness, interbeing and impermanence has reached readers who would not otherwise identify as Buddhist.

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Interbeing

Interbeing — the English word Thich Nhat Hanh coined for the Vietnamese Tương Tức — is his rendering of pratītyasamutpāda, dependent origination. Nothing arises independently; every phenomenon is constituted by everything else. 'If you are a poet,' he wrote, 'you will see clearly that there is a cloud floating in this sheet of paper.' The cloud contains the rain that grew the tree. The logger contains his parents and the education that shaped his hands. A sheet of paper contains the whole cosmos. The teaching is doctrinal — this is classical Mahāyāna — but he made it inhabitable by ordinary prose.

Engaged Buddhism

Thich Nhat Hanh coined the phrase 'engaged Buddhism' during the Vietnam War to describe his effort to hold meditation practice and social action together as one path. He organised relief work among civilians without taking sides, established schools and clinics, and trained monks and nuns as relief workers. Martin Luther King nominated him for the Nobel Prize in 1967, calling him 'an apostle of peace and non-violence.' The nomination was denied for political reasons. Thich Nhat Hanh was refused return to Vietnam for nearly four decades.

Plum Village and the lay teaching

The Plum Village community he founded in the Dordogne in 1982 grew into a network of practice centres across five continents. His most important teaching innovation was the 'Day of Mindfulness' — a structured retreat day designed for lay people with families and jobs. The underlying argument: if the practice requires leaving ordinary life, it is too fragile. Being Peace, The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching, The Miracle of Mindfulness — his books were written explicitly to bring Buddhist ideas to people who were not looking for Buddhism.

In the index

Thich Nhat Hanh on emptiness, signlessness and aimlessness is the three Dharma seals — the three marks that distinguish Buddhist teaching from mere philosophy — delivered in his characteristic short-sentence style. Br. Troi Duc Niem's reflection from Plum Village is the same lineage from the inside, a younger monk in his community speaking from the same practice. The two items together show the living transmission across generations.

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